Tiedote

ESO:n teleskoopit havaitsivat Swift-satelliitin 1000. gammasädepurkauksen

6. marraskuuta 2015

27. lokakuuta 2015 kello 22:40 GMT, "NASA/ASI/UKSA Swift"-satelliitti löysi 1000. gammasädepurkauksen.Tämä merkittävä tapahtuma havaittiin ja karakterisoitiin ESO:n kaukoputkilla Pohjois-Chilessä La Silla Paranalin observatoriossa, mikä osoitti tämän gammapurkauksen olevan erityisen kiinnostava kohde.

Gammapurkaukset ovat voimakkaita gammasäteilyn leimahduksia, mitkä esiintyvät satunnaiseti kaikkialla Universumissa. Niiden arvellaan aiheutuvan erityisen voimakkaasta tähden räjähdyksestä, minkä uskotaan merkitsevän mustan aukon syntymistä.

Swift on omistautunut näiden arvoituksellisten ja kiehtovien tapahtumien löytämiseen ja yli kymmenen vuoden valppaan tarkkailun jälkeen satelliitti on havainnut 1000. gammapurkauksen. GRB 151027B tapahtui lokakuun 27. päivä 2015 Eridanus-tähdistön suunnassa (Eridanus-virta) [1].

ESO:n teleskoopeilla on pitkä ja menestyksekäs historia gammapurkausten seurantahavainnoille (eso0318 ja eso0533) ja ne eivät pettäneet tälläkään kertaa. "Gamma-Ray Burst Optical/Near-Infrared Detector (GROND)"-havaintolaite, mikä on kiinnitetty MPG/ESO 2.2m:n teleskooppiin La Sillan observatoriolla ja VLT:n X-shooter spektrografi ESO:n Paranal observatoriolla aloittivat havainnot heti kun gammapurkaus tuli näkyviin Chilessä noin viisi tuntia sen havaitsemisen jälkeen [2].

Hajottamalla gammapurkauksen heikon ja jatkuvasti heikentyvän valon eri väreihin X-shooter spektrografi on yksi tehokkaimmista työkaluista gammapurkausten olemuksen selvittämiseksi. Yli puolet gammapurkausten kaukaisista mittauksista X-shooterin toiminnan alkamisen jälkeen on tehty tällä havaintolaitteella.

ESO:n havainnot paljastivat että GRB 151027B:n räjähdys tapahtui, kun Universumi oli vain 1,5 miljardin vuoden ikäinen (10% nykyisestä iästä) ja säteily oli matkannut 12,3 miljardia vuotta ennen kuin se saavutti Maan. Tämä tulos ilmoitettiin vain kolme tuntia mittauksen jälkeen ja kahdeksan tuntia siitä kun Swift havaitsi purkauksen. Tarkempi analyysi osoitti, että galaksilla, missä GRB 151027B esiintyi on epätavallisen suuri raskaiden alkuaineiden osuus.

Nämä kiehtovat päätelmät GRB 151027B:stä osoittivat kuinka menestyksekäs kumppanuus Swift-mission ja ESO:n teleskooppien välillä on. ESO:n teleskoopit ovat tehneet satojen gammapurkausten erittäin tärkeitä seurantahavaintoja. X-shooter ja GROND-havaintolaitteet ovat systemaattiseti havainneet näitä vaikeasti ennustettavia tapahtumia Atacaman autiomaassa vuodesta 2009 (X-shooter) ja 2007 (GROND) antaen arvokasta tietoa näistä Universumin voimakkaimmista räjähdyksistä.

Lisähuomioita

[1] Numero merkitsee päivää ja “B”-kirjain takoittaa, että se oli toinen sen päivän kahdesta gammapurkauksesta.

[2] X-shooter/GRB kollaboraatio koostuu seuraavista tahoista: L.A. Antonelli (INAF/OA Rooma), M. Arabsalmani (ESO), Z. Cano (Univ. Iceland), L. Christensen (DARK/NBI Kööpenhamina), S. Covino (INAF/OA Brera), A. De Cia (ESO), P. D'Avanzo (INAF/OA Brera), V. D'Elia (INAF/OA Rooma ja ASI/ASDC), F. Fiore (INAF/OA Rooma), H. Flores (Paris Obs./GEPI), M. Friis (Univ. Iceland), J. P. U. Fynbo (DARK/NBI Kööpenhamina), P. Goldoni (APC/Irfu - CEA), A. Gomboc (Univ. Nova Gorica), P. Groot (Nijmegen), O. E. Hartoog (Amsterdam), F. Hammer (Paris Obs./GEPI), J. Hjorth (DARK/NBI Kööpenhamina), P. Jakobsson (Univ. Iceland), J. Japelj (INAF/OA Trieste), L. Kaper (API/Amsterdam), T. Krühler (MPE, Munich), C. Ledoux (ESO, Santiago), A. J. Levan (Univ. Warwick), G. Leloudas (Weizmann and DARK/NBI Kööpenhamina), E. Maiorano (INAF/IASF Bologna), D. Malesani (DARK/NBI Kööpenhamina), A. Melandri (INAF/OA Brera), B. Milvang-Jensen (DARK/NBI Kööpenhamina), P. Møller (ESO), E. Palazzi (INAF/IASF Bologna), D. A. Perley (DARK/NBI Kööpenhamina), E. Pian (SNS Pisa), S. Piranomonte (INAF/OA Rooma), G. Pugliese (API/Amsterdam), R. Sánchez-Ramírez (IAA-CSIC, Granada), S. Savaglio (University of Calabria), P. Schady (MPE), J. Schaye (Leiden), S. Schulze (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and MAS), J. Selsing (DARK/NBI Kööpenhamina), J. Sollerman (OKC Tukholma), M. Sparre (MPA, Heidelberg), G. Tagliaferri (INAF/OA Brera), N. R. Tanvir (Univ. Leicester), C. C. Thöne (IAA-CSIC, Granada), A. de Ugarte Postigo (IAA-CSIC Granada), S. D. Vergani (CNRS, Paris Obs./GEPI), P. M. Vreeswijk (WIS), D. J. Watson (DARK/NBI Kööpenhamina), K. Wiersema (Univ. Leicester), R. A. M. J. Wijers (API/Amsterdam) and D. Xu (NAOC, Peking).

GROND kollaboraatio koostuu seuraavista tahoista: P. Afonso (American River College), J. Bolmer (MPE), C. Delvaux (MPE), J. Elliott (CfA), R. Filgas (Techn. Univ. Prague), J. Graham (MPE), J. Greiner (MPE), D.A. Kann (TLS Tautenburg), S. Klose (TLS Tautenburg), F. Knust (MPE), T. Kruehler (MPE), A. Nicuesa Guelbenzu (TLS Tautenburg), P. Schady (MPE), S. Schmidl (TLS Tautenburg), T. Schweyer (MPE), M. Tanga (MPE), K. Varela (MPE) and P. Wiseman (MPE).

Yhteystiedot

Johan Fynbo
Dark Cosmology Centre
Niels Bohr Institute
Copenhagen, Denmark
Tel: +45 3532 5983
Email: jfynbo@dark-cosmology.dk

Jochen Greiner
Max-Planck Institut für extraterrestrische Physik
Garching, Germany
Tel: +49 89 30000 3847
Email: jcg@mpe.mpg.de

Richard Hook
ESO Public Information Officer
Garching bei München, Germany
Tel: +49 89 3200 6655
Cell: +49 151 1537 3591
Email: rhook@eso.org

Tiedotteesta

Tunnistus:ann15085

Kuvat

GROND image of the gamma-ray burst GRB 151027B
GROND image of the gamma-ray burst GRB 151027B
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