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Primera luz de nuevo y revolucionario detector infrarrojo de alta velocidad

15 de Junio de 2015

El primer prototipo de una nueva generación de veloces detectores altamente sensitivos se ha instalado exitosamente en el instrumento PIONIER, situado en el Observatorio Paranal de ESO. Este logro es el resultado de cinco años de esfuerzos y colaboración constante por parte de instituciones académicas (LETI, ONERA, IPAG, LAM) y socios industriales (SOFRADIR).

Tal como lo indica su nombre, el nuevo sistema RAPID[1] proporciona varios miles de imágenes por segundo y puede operar en niveles muy bajos de luz. Estas capacidades, únicas en un detector infrarrojo, son cruciales para una gran variedad de aplicaciones, que abarcan desde la ciencia básica a la medicina. En el área de la astronomía, este sistema mejorará el rendimiento de la óptica adaptativa, una tecnología que forma parte esencial del European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT).

A diferencia de la mayoría de los detectores presentes en el mercado, RAPID es capaz de captar los fotones (partículas de luz) tanto de la luz visible como de la radiación infrarroja (longitudes de onda de 0,4 a 3,6 micrómetros). Esta es una gran ventaja; el aumento de la cobertura espectral implica que una cantidad mucho mayor de fotones puede ser recogida, en especial en longitudes de onda infrarrojas, donde muchos objetos brillan con mayor intensidad.

En 2013, los socios hicieron entrega de los primeros prototipos y, en vista del rendimiento obtenido, rápidamente se tomó la decisión de continuar los esfuerzos para realizar una prueba en el cielo empleando un instrumento con grandes exigencias. El instrumento PIONIER fue el elegido, ya que su combinación interferométrica de luz requiere un detector extremadamente rápido para neutralizar la turbulencia atmosférica, y una cantidad mínima de ruido con el fin de detectar objetos muy tenues.

Las primeras observaciones se centraron en estrellas de distintos tipos (gigantes brillantes y enanas de baja luminosidad) con el fin de explorar el comportamiento de RAPID. Estas pruebas cruciales arrojaron exitosos resultados, por lo que el detector fue empleado de inmediato para actividades netamente científicas.

“Es un momento histórico y una verdadera revolución en el campo de los detectores infrarrojos”, dijo el astrónomo de ESO, Antoine Mérand, al utilizar la cámara por primera vez. El científico a cargo del instrumento PIONIER, Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin, agregó: “El detector previamente instalado en PIONIER tenía más de 20 años de antigüedad y aún así era considerado uno de los mejores de su tipo. Esto demuestra lo duro que tuvimos que trabajar para dominar esta nueva generación”.

La extraordinaria sensibilidad de RAPID se basa en el denominado efecto avalancha. Cada fotón que llega al detector, se convierte en un gran número de electrones, lo que facilita su detección. Esta multiplicación es prácticamente perfecta, con la introducción de sólo una muy pequeña cantidad de exceso de ruido en el proceso.

El efecto avalancha se obtiene sin tener que enfriar el detector a temperaturas extremadamente bajas, evitando el uso de un sistema de enfriamiento muy complejo, lo que simplifica considerablemente el transporte y las operaciones del detector. Como ejemplo, sólo le tomó dos días al equipo instalar esta nueva y revolucionaria cámara en el interior del instrumento PIONIER.

Notas

[1] La cámara RAPID fue financiada por el Fonds Unique Interministériel del gobierno francés (FUI-RAPID). Su instalación en Paranal fue financiada por la Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR-11-LabX-13), con el apoyo de ESO.

Enlaces

Contactos

Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin
Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG)
Grenoble, Francia
Tel: +33 4 76 63 58 93
Correo electrónico: jean-baptiste.lebouquin@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr

Jean-Philippe Berger
Científico del Programa del VLTI, ESO 
Garching bei München, Alemania
Tel: +49 89 3200 6630
Correo electrónico: jpberger@eso.org

Thomas Rivinius
Científico del Instrumento PIONIER, ESO Paranal
Santiago, Chile
Correo electrónico: triviniu@eso.org

Richard Hook
Encargado de Prensa de ESO
Garching bei München, Alemania
Tel: +49 89 3200 6655
Cel: +49 151 1537 3591
Correo electrónico: rhook@eso.org

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RAPID: detector infrarrojo de alta velocidad
RAPID: detector infrarrojo de alta velocidad

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