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Entrega de Espejo Fino para Optica Adaptativa

El nuevo espejo super delgado para el VLT brinda una calidad óptica sorprendente

4 de Febrero de 2014

En diciembre del año 2011, la empresa francesa Safran–Reosc hizo entrega a ESO del primer espejo super delgado fabricado con Zerodur (ann12015). La empresa, acaba de entregar un segundo espejo fino[1] de calidad aún superior. Ambos espejos tienen un grosor de apenas 2 milímetros, pero con un diámetro de 1,12 metros y serán cruciales para las mejoras que se aplicarán al Telescopio Unitario 4 del Very Large Telescope (VLT) de ESO, a fin de lograr plenamente el sistema de óptica adaptativa[2].     

Un espejo fino se deforma varias miles de veces por segundo para compensar las turbulencias de la atmósfera de la Tierra. Ello redunda en imágenes mucho más nítidas, que permitirán a los astrónomos estudiar el Universo con mayor detalle de lo jamás alcanzado.

El nuevo espejo fino trae consigo grandes mejoras. Tiene una precisión de superficie superior en un factor de cinco al espejo anterior y requiere de impulsos muy pequeños para corregir la forma de la superficie, de hecho, la mitad de las requeridas por el primer espejo delgado. Esto es de particular relevancia ya que deja suficiente fuerza disponible para corregir la degradación de las imágenes, como efecto de la turbulencia atmosférica. La uniformidad en el grosor del espejo también es superior en un factor de tres, y el acabado de ambas caras del espejo también ha sido perfeccionado.

El segundo espejo fino es requerido ya que estos sistemas son inevitablemente frágiles. Si el primer espejo fino se quebrara, significaría que una de las Unidades de Telescopio del VLT quedaría fuera de operaciones durante años, en espera de la fabricación de un espejo de repuesto. El segundo espejo actúa como un seguro en el caso, poco probable pero catastrófico, de producirse un escenario de esta naturaleza.

A pesar que el propósito del segundo espejo originalmente fue actuar como repuesto, al haber resultado de calidad muy superior, eventualmente será el modelo que se usará para las operaciones, en tanto que el primer espejo será utilizado como repuesto.

Los proveedores del sistema del cual el espejo secundario deformable forma parte, Microgate y ADS International(Italia), han desarrollado docenas de nuevos procedimientos, manejo de herramientas, embalajes y cajas de transporte a fin de asegurar que cada etapa del camino de este fino espejo sea segura. Paradojalmente, el lugar más seguro para el espejo es cuando está montado en el telescopio y firmemente sujeto por los campos magnéticos provistos por los 1170 actuadores.

La conclusión exitosa de este proyecto exhibe el manejo experto de esta técnica por parte de la empresa Safran–Reosc, y es un resultado muy positivo para el proyecto E-ELT. La aplicación de estos procesos demuestra que esta tecnología puede aplicarse a los grandes espejos deformables previstos para el E-ELT, que tendrán el mismo espesor pero un diámetro mucho mayor, de 2,5 metros.

Notas

[1]Este segundo espejo delgado cuenta con un acabado especial, como también  con 1170 imanes pegados a la parte cóncava, trasera, de la lámina. Cuando esté instalado, formando parte del sistema del espejo secundario deformable, los imanes serán controlados por actuadores que, al activarse,  producirán un campo magnético que tira de los imanes fijos, deformando la superficie del espejo.    

[2] Con la instalación del nuevo espejo, la corrección adaptativa es realizada por el espejo secundario del telescopio y todos los instrumentos del telescopio se ven beneficiados con una calidad de imagen ampliamente perfeccionada. En sistemas anteriores, la corrección era realizada por instrumentos individuales.

Contactos

Elise Vernet
Adaptive Optics System Department
ESO, Alemania
Tel: +49 89 3200 6322
Email: evernet@eso.org

Pierre Yves Madec
Adaptive Optics Facility System engineer
Adaptive Optics System Department
ESO, Alemania
Tel: +49 89 3200 6524
Email: pmadec@eso.org

Robin Arsenault
Adaptive Optics Facility Project Manager
Project Management Department
ESO, Alemania
Tel: +49 89 3200 6524
Email: rarsenau@eso.org

Richard Hook
ESO Public Information Officer
Garching bei München, Germany
Tel: +49 89 3200 6655
Cell: +49 151 1537 3591
Email: rhook@eso.org

Sobre el anuncio

Identificador:ann14010

Imágenes

Second adaptive thin shell mirror delivered to ESO
Second adaptive thin shell mirror delivered to ESO
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